TOPICS FOR HIGHSCHOOL SCIENCE (about 1570 terms)

BIOLOGY ~660wds

ECOLOGY
ecosystems, organisms, environment biotic abiotic, food chain/ web
autotroph, primary producers, heterotrophs, primary consumers
herbivore, secondary consumers, tertiary consumer, predator, prey
carnivore insectivore omnivore, decomposers saprophytes
symbiosis, parasite, host, pathogen, vector
antibiotic, vaccine, malaria protoctist plasmodium anopheles mosquito

small egg gambit,large egg gambit, perennial, annual
herbaceous plants, woody plants, trees, shrubs

biomes
ocean, phytoplankton, plankton, benthos, upwelling
desert, temperate forest, tropical forest, grasslands

community, habitat, population, niche

agriculture, monocrops, erosin, deforestation, carbon fixation
renewable resources, non-renewable resources, extinction, habitat destruction
pesticides

classification, taxonomy

kingdom
monera, prokaryotes, bacteria, 20 metabolisms maintain biogeochem cycles
eukayotes, unicellular, multicellular
protista, protoctista, 30 non related groups 30,000 spp
amoeba, paramecium, euglena, algae, pond scum
fungi mushrooms, molds, yeasts, lichen, saprophytes, spores
microorganisms microbes

plantae 280,000 spp?
bryophytes, mosses, ferns,
conifers, seeds
angiosperms, flowers, fruit
monocotyledons grasses, wheat, lilies
dicotyledons

animalia heterotrophs, nervous system, blastula

30 phyla
mollusca 100,000 spp, snails, clams, octopi
annelids, segmented worms, earthworms

arthropoda 1-10million? crustacean, crabs, shrimps, arachnids, spiders
insects, exoskeleton, metamorphosis egg, larva, pupa, adult
flies, wasps, bees, ants, lepidoptera, beetles

echinoderms, starfish, sea urchins

chordata, ectotherms coldblooded, endotherms warm blooded

5 classes? aves / birds amphibia reptilia? pisces / fish

mammalia 4,629spp placental, marsupial

26 orders: rodentia 2024spp chiroptera 928spp insectivora 429sp shrews
carnivora 271spp artiodactyla 220spp antelopes deer cattle

primates 236 spp
12 families
cebidae new world monkeys
cercopithecidae old world monkeys hominidae apes
genus and species gorilla gorilla pan troglodytes homo sapiens

hybrid
dichotomous key

EVOLUTION
fossils, evolution, homologous structures, vestigial structures
island biogeography, thry of ev by natural selection, charles darwin
overpopulation, variation mutation,
differential survival (survival of the fittest)
inheritance, adaption, speciation, extinction, genetics


CELLS
microscope, robert hooke 1665 cells, size of cells, num of cells

nutrients, 100 basic small molecules,
minerals Na, Ca, Mg, K, transition metals
vitamins, fat soluble A, D, E?
water soluble B1 thiamine, B2 riboflavin, B12, C, K
coenzymes

carbohydrates, glucose etc, polymer, macromolecule
polysaccharides starch glycogen cellulose

22 amino acids
1000+ proteins enzymes structural proteins
nucleic acids ATP RNA DNA

lipids cell membranes fats oils cholesterol

diffusion brownian motion, molecule, concentration gradient, active transport
osmosis, cell membrane, exchange of food waste

protoplasm, cytoplasm, nucleus, nuclear membrane, chromatin, viruses
AIDS/HIV, endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, golgi ap,

chromosome, genome, gene, replication, nucleotide, genetic code, mRNA
tRNA, ribosomes, proteins

vacoule, chloroplast, mitochondria, cell wall

LIFE
energy flow, entropy, maintenance of pattern, incorporation of food, growth

PHOTOSYNTHESIS
chloroplasts, chlorophyll, oxygen, hydrogen, carbon fixation

CELLULAR RESPIRATION
sugars, glucose, anerobic respiration, fermentation, aerobic respiration

NITROGEN FIXATION
amino acids, proteins, nucleic acids, dinitrogen, nitrogen fixing bacteria
nitrogen cycle, legumes

GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CYCLES
water cycle, vegetation protects soil, transpiration in plants
carbon cycle, redox, carbonates
oxygen, sulfates, carbonates
nitrogen cycle, bacteria

GROWTH
s.a to vol ratio, protists, animals, growth, tissues

REPRODUCTION
asexual reproduction, mitosis, chromosomes, prophase, metaphase, anaphase
telophase

SEX
sexual reproduction, diploid, haploid, chromosome #, heredity, genetics
gene, dominant, recessive ,homozygous, heterozygous, sickle celled anemia
genetic diseases, genetic engineering, genetically modified food
genetic fingerprintng


fertilization, gamete production, gametes, sperm, egg ovum, crossing over,
recombination, meiosis, extra stages, law of independant assortment,
sex chromos (det), x chromo, y chromo

mutations, cloning

ORGANISMS
animal, plant, organism, embryo, development, cell specialization,
organ systems

nervous system, circ sys, resp sys, dig sys, excr sys, endocr sys, imm sys
repro sys, musc skell sys


RESPIRATORY SYS
lungs, diaphragm, breathing, alveoli, gas exchange, bronchioles, trachea

DIGESTV SYS
degestion, mechanical digestion, esophagus, saliva, extracellular digestion
enzymes, stomach, gastric acids, fats - lipase, carbohydrates - amylase
proteins - pepsin, roughage ,small intestines, villi
pancreas pancreatic juice=enzymes, liver
gall bladder bile from liver = neutralize acid and emulsify fat
absorbtion
large intestine (colon), rectum feces anus, ulcer, acid reflux

EXCRETORY SYSTEM
excretion, urinary system, kidney, urine, urea, urinary bladder

CIRC SYSTEM
transport, arteries, veins, capillaries,
to lungs, liver, stomach/intestines, kidneys, other tissues
pulmonary artery, pulmonary vein, lungs, carbon dioxide, oxygen,
heart, atria, ventricals, valves, pulse rate, coronary arteries, plaque
heart attack, cholesterol, exersize

blood, plasma, blood clotting, red blood cels, hemoglobin, diffusion

white blood cells, lymphocytes produce antibodies, antibodies, phagocytes
immunity, blood groups, rhesus factor Rh, organ transplants

MUSC SKELET SYS
bones 206, calcium phosphate, marrow, cartilage, joints, ball and socket
ligaments tie bones together, osteoporosis, vertibrae, teeth, tooth decay

muscles about 600, skeletal voluntary striated, smooth involuntary, cardiac
tendon


SKIN
protection sensory water temperature regulation fat storage
vitamin D production, hair sebaceous gland erector muscle
epidermis with dead cell layer, dermis fibrous proteins
subcutaneous layer fats, sweat gland

REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
gonads, testes, prostate, semen, ovaries, estrogen, uterus womb,
menstrual cycle, ovulation, menstruation, menopause

conception, zygote, embryo, pregnancy, implantation, fetus, amniotic fluid
placenta, umbilical cord, miscarriage

identical nonidentical twins, in vitro fertilization, breech birth
cesaerean birth/section,, puberty adolescence, testosterone, estrogen


NERVOUS SYSTEM
neurons, nerve impulse, synapse,
sensory visual auditory taste olfactory touch others
animal senses lateral line, palps, antennae, whiskers, electrical
motor, connecting,

eye, iris, pupil, lens, retina, rods cones, optic nerve, occipital region

ear hearing balance, middle ear eardrum malleus incus stapes
inner ear cochlea, semicircular canals

stroke, voluntary fcts, cerbrum, cerebellum
involuntary fcts, medula oblongata,
inv muscles smooth and cardiac, diaphragm peristalsis
hypothalamus, autonomic nervous system, pituitary gland
homeostasis water and heat regulation

spine cord, reflexes, paralysis, vertibrae

HOMEOSTASIS
information between systems hormones, nervous system, endocrine glands

negative feedback
metabolic rate thyroid gland thyroxine
thermoregulation metabolic rate, skin, breathing behavior shivering
readyness for action adrenal gland adrenaline
osmoregulation kedneys, behavior drinking hypothalamus, pituitary
glucose level pancreas insulin glucagon liver glycogen
liver glucose levels, deamination of aminos, makes bile, stores vit A, D
makes cholesterol, breaks down red cells, modifies harmful substances
for removal by kidneys



PLANTS
chloroplasts, vacuole 2dim fluid creature with turgor skeleton, meristem
apical tissue buds, bud

cambium, phloem, xylem

leaf, palisade layer, stomate, transpiration

stem, underground corm bulb rhizome stolon tuber

root, root hairs, absorbs water and minerals, active transport, osmosis

vegetative reproduction, clone

flowers, sepal petal, stamen anther pollen, pistil stigma ovary fruit
ovule seed, seed dispersal, germination, pollination
wind pollination, insect pollination, nectar, seeds

TROPISMS
stomates, heliotropism,, geotropism gravity, hydrotropism, touch tropism
plants explore their environment

homo sapiens, chimpanzee, gorilla, primates
little brown bat
beaver, field mouse, rat, grey squirrel, hamster, porcupine
blue whale, porpoise
asian elephant
raccoon
possum, kangaroo
seals
ferret, skunk, river otter, sea otter
dog, wolf, red fox, coyote
cat, lion, tiger
rhino, horse, zebra,
cow, buffalo, sheep, goat, deer, girrafe, hippopotomus
brown bear

american eagle, red tailed hawk, mallard, canada goose, seagull, barn owl
penguins, pigeon, mourning dove, ruby throat hummingbird, chicken
parrots, downy woodpecker, crow, robbin, weaver finch, bluejay,
black capped chickadee, ostrich

alligator, gekko gekko, green anole, chameleons
garter snake, anaconda, boa constrictor
snapping turtle, box turtle, sea turtles
american toad, bullfrog, spring peeper, red eft

sunfish, armored catfish, goldfish, guppy, rainbow trout, moray eel, sharks
chiclids, salmon, sea horses

sea squirts
starfish

lobsters, fiddler crabs, beach fleas, barnacles, ostracods, cyclops
sow bugs, small millipedes, stout centipede,
dog tick, red water mites, red soil mites, oribitid mites
argiope garden spider, phidipus

apis mellifera, halictus, vespula, fig wasp
atta, pheidole, formica, camponotus herculeanus
house fly, mosquitoes, monarch, fall army worm
june bug, coccinelidae, black carabids, weevils
periplaneta, field cricket, migratory locust, aphids, fleas, Ajax
round colembolans

jelly fish, corals
nematodes
earthworm

octopi, moon snails, cone snails, scallops, mussels
yellow garden slug, long fresh water snails,

stentor, euglena, phacus, volvox, chlamydomonas, fucus, diatoms


GEOLOGY 180wds

MINERALS
minerals 2,500 kinds, crystalline structure ,rocks, compounds, elements
oxygen, silicon, aluminum, iron, calcium, potassium, magnesium, sodium,
carbon, sulfur
cleavage, hardness, color, lustre, density, color, crystal structure

feldspar, olivine, pyroxene, amphibole, mica, quartz
oxides sulfides ores, halides salt, carbonates seashells limetone

ROCKS
volcanism, magma, igneous, intrusive, granite, pegmatites,
extrusive, basalt, obsidian

metamorphic, mountain building, contact metamorphism
slate, gneiss, schist, marble, quartzite,

weathering erosion, sedimentary, conglomerate, sandstone, shale, limestone


EROSION
weathering, mechanical, freezing water, temperature change,biotic movement
chemical, water, carbonic acid, clays, limestone caves, oxidation
biotic production of soil

erosion, mass wasting landslides, glaciers, u shaped valleys, glacial till
wind, running water, rain, floods, rivers, deltas, grand canyon

soil, regolith results of weathering, plants, burrowing, worms, ants, humus
soil, climate, nitrates, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium,sulfates
pedalfer northern forests humus sand clay iron aluminum
pedocal midwest west grasslands calcite less rain
laterites tropics less humus more iron aluminum less silica

agriculture, soil waste, soil conservation

TECTONICS MOUNTAIN BUILDING
plaate tectonics, continental drift, pangea, crust,
mantle, outer core, inner core
magnetic field, north magnetic pole (maps) (geography?)
angle of declination changes many degrees per cent
density, seismic waves, earthquakes, richter scale

mantle convection, upper mantle, asthenosphere, lithosphere, plates,
continental crust, ocean crust

mid ocean ridges, divergent boundaries, sea floor spreading
convergent boundaries, subduction zone, mountain building, volcanoes
ocean trenches, island arcs, continental convergent boundaries
himalayas appalachians
transform fault, earthquakes

GEOLOGICAL TIME
stratigraphy, paleontology, geochronology, relative age ,radiometric dating
radioactive decay, age of earliest rocks, fossils, mass extinctions

precambrian, paleozoic era, trilobites
permian extinction 70 90% spp lost
mesozoic era triassic jurassic cretaceous, dinosaurs, ammonites
mammals angiosperms insects birds, cretaceous extinction
cenezoic era
quaternary period past 2million years, pleistocene epoch, ice ages
holocene recent since last ice age/agriculture
archaeology


OCEANOGRAPHY 25wds
sea level, changes in sea level, glaciation, tides, spring tide, neap tide,
ocean, ice, ground water, rivers and lakes, water vapor, estuaries,
ocean currents, surface currents, convection currents, coriolis effect
gulf stream, north atlantic gyre, deep currents,
salinity, temperature, density

continental shelf, avg depth


ATMOSPHERE 143wds
weather, meteorology, temperature, humidity, pressure, cloudiness, wind
precipitation

climate, climatology, latitude, altitude, topography of landforms
land and water distribution, ocean currents, prevailing winds
belts of high low atmospheric pressure, cloud cover, axis tilt,
uneven insolation, uneven heating, solar constant, seasons, climates
climate change, ice ages, global warming
weather is the mechanism by which heat reradiated from the surface to
the atmosphere is moved around from one place to another
radiation, conduction, convection ,advection (wind), coriolis effect
circular cells, high pressure anticyclone clockwise in n. hem
low pressure cyclone, equator calmer coriolios effect
tropics overhead sun more heat in than out
north and south poles more heat out than in
ice caps, belts of high low pressure, prevailing winds, land
sea breeze land breeze ?? which dir?



ATMOSPHERIC COMPOSITION
troposphere, cloud formation, tropopause, ozone layer, ultraviolet radiation
chlorofluorohydrocarbons cfcs, stratosphere, ionosphere, exosphere

nitrogen, oxygen, water vapour, argon helium neon and nitrogen, carbon dioxide

WATER CYCLE
evaporation, convection, humidity, relative humidity, saturation, condensation
dew, frost, fog, clouds, condensation nuclei, precipitation

FRESHWATER BODIES
ponds, lakes, rivers, swamps, estuaries

anomolous expansion of water

CLOUDS
stability /altitude, unstable low, cumulus clouds, cumulonimbus / thunderhead
stable, cirrus high wispy cirrocumulus mackeral sky
stratus clouds low, nimbostratus low rain bearing
rain, drizzle, sleet, snow

air masses, source regions, stability
tropical polar air masses diverge from source
middle latitues exhibit convergence called fronts
cold front, warm front, stationary front
occluded front warm air mass entirely lifted over cold
coriolis effect, cyclone counterclockwise in north hem., low pressure
cumulonimbus thunderstorm, hail, turbulence, friction, static charges
lightning, current 10,000 amps, temperature 30,000 deg, lightning rod
conduction, thunder,
hurricanes, tornadoes, wind speed

weather forcasting, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
weather stations, weather satellites, radar
temperature - thermometer - deg cels fahr
humidity - psychrometer - %hum
pressure - mercurial barometer aneroid barometer - millibars inches mercury
precipitation - rain gauge - centimeters/inches rainfall
wind - anemometer - compass direction, miles per hour
weather map
long range forcasting 6,7 days
longer not poss because the atmosphere is a chaotic system


CHEMISTRY 330wds
matter, solid, liquid, gas, plasma

elements, atoms, mixture, chemical symbol, compounds, molecules
chemical formula, structural formula,
reactivity, electrical conductivity, heat conductivity, luster,
metal, alkali and alkaline earths gr 1, 2, nonmetal, metalloids
density, boiling point, solubility

hydrogen helium
carbon nitrogen oxygen phosphorus sulfer chlorine
iron silicon aluminum
gallium germanium arsenic tin antimony
nickel copper zinc silver gold lead mercury
vanadium chromium manganese cobolt molybdenum, Zinc
sodium magnesium potassium calcium
noble gases He, Ne etc
rare earth elements

gasses, law of definite proportions, Lavoisier and the discovery of oxygen
Mendeleyev, periodic law, periodic chart of elements, group, period
atomic number, electron shells, valence, electron, atomic weight, isotopes

CHEMICAL REACTIONS
chemical change, physical change, reactants, products
forward reaction, backward reaction, irrersible reaction, reversible reaction
equilibrium, chemical equation, coefficients, subscripts,
conservation of matter, balancing equations,
synthesis, decomposition, combustion, redox, neutralization, precipitate

MIXTURES, COMPOUNDS
mixtures, solution, solute, solvent, polar solvent, water, alcohol
non-polar solvent, detergents

homogeneous, aqueous solution, distillation,
solid solution, alloy, distinct proportions, brass, bronz, steel
amalgam mercury

BONDING
electrons, ionic bond, electromagnetic attraction, valence shell
covalent bond, octet rule, metalic bond, hydrogen bonding,
van der Waal's forces

small covalent molecules diatomic triatomic, covalent networks
ionic compounds, cations metals, anions nonmetals, metals

CHEMICAL CALCULATIONS
atomic mass unit, gram, atomic mass, molecular mass, mole, molar mass
molar volume of a gas, (calcs on pg 155 science dict)

concentration, liter, mliter, density, volume, molar solution, titration

chemical energy, electricity, heat, light, potential energy,
exothermic reaction, combustion, heat of reaction?
jouls, kjouls, calories, Calories

temperature, specific heat capacity, heat energy, thermal energy
change of state

thermometer, fahrenheit, celsius, freezing point, boiling point
kelvin or absolute scale, absolute zero, gas laws

KINETIC THEORY pg 178-181
fluid is gas or liquid, melting melting point freezin point
boiling point, evaporation, vapor pressure, condesnsation, sublimation
brownian motion, diffusion, kinetic theory of gases
boyle law: pv=k, charles : v=kt, pv=nRt,
absolute zero, kelvin scale
STP 0celsius and 1 atm 22.4liters /mole

pascal= newton per sqare meter 101,325/atm/760mm Hg
mercury barometer

THE ELEMENTS
hydrogen gas helium gas
coal, graphite, diamond, bucky balls
carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, carbonic acid, carbonate, methane ...
carbohydrates, organic molecules, hydrocarbons, ethane, propane
petroleum, lipids,
ammonia, amino acids,
oxygen gas, water, ozone, phosphate phosphoric acid, sulfate sulfuric acid
nitrate nitric acid, metal ores
chlorine gas, chlorinated hydrocarbons, CFCs
ATP, nucleic acids,
hydrogen sulfide, metal ores, protein cross bonding
iron oxides rust, magnetite etc steel,
silicon (electronics), along with the other semiconductors Ga, Ge, As, Sb, Sn
silicon dioxide (quartz) glass, (Fe, Na, Mg, K, Ca)aluminosilicate minerals
aluminum, aluminum oxide (rubies, abrasive)
bronze Cu+Sn, arsenic, brass Cu+Zn
transition metal ions for enzymes, magnesium in chloroplast, etc
table salt, metal ions in biol solution, calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate
calcium phosphate,


ACIDS BASES SALTS
ion, hydrogen ion, bydroxide ion, acid
organic acids: acetic acid citric ascid
mineral acids: hydrochloric acid, sulfuric, nitric, carbonic
base, alkaline, ammonia borax lye detergents,
neutralization reaction, salt, electrolytes, neutral, litmus test,
pH, logarithmic scale, concentration, solubility

oxidation, reduction, oxidizing gent, reducing agent

rusting
corrosion when metals and minerals come in contact with acids
electroplating
sulfer dioxide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen dioxide pollution->acids
acid rain

electric cell, battery, rechargeable battery
dry cell alkline cell car battery
voltage, direct current

pH balance, buffers, balance in blood


reaction rate, affected by temp, increased by catalysts, catalysts
chemical equilibrium, static equilibrium, dynamic equilibrium
what is a steady concentration of moites due to balancing cyclic reactions
of a system not in thermodynamic equilibrium?
non equilibrium cycles ie atmos gases under sunlight
enzymes

EVERYDAY CHEM
Haber process to fix N2 into ammonia for fertilizers etc
petroleum, gasoline, natural gas, heating oil, coal

ores, electrolytic reduction of aluminum ore bauxite
smelting of iron ores

sodium hydrogen carbonate bicarb of soda NaHCO3 baking soda?
sodium carbonate Na2CO3 baking soda
calcium oxide lime treat acid soils refine iron
calcium hydroxide slaked lime

chlorination of water to kill bacts
hard water calcium and magnesium ions bind soap into scum, lv deposits

charcoal
NO and NO2 are emitted from car exhaust and facts: pollute

alcohols, fermentation: sugar to alcohol and carbon dioxide
organic acids, esters acid and alcohol to make fragrances and flavoring

polymers, synthetic, nylon, rubber, polyester, acrylic
flammability, warning labels, plastics

chlorine bleach

biodegradable, non-biodegradable
air pollution, greenhouse gases, carbon dioxide, methane, CFSs,
catalytic converter

ATOMS
atomic theory, dalton, avogadro, brownian motion, crystal structure
x-ray diffraction, avogadro's number, mole, molar mass, atomic weights
mass spectrometer, atomic mass, isotopes, nucleus, subatomic particles
protons, neutrons, fusion, mass defect, mass energy eq E=Mc2
electrons, charge, orbit, nuclear force, potential energy
radioactivity
radiation emwaves, xrays gamma rays and alpha beta particles
background radioation
radon gas
alpha particle helium nuc pos chg doesnt pentrate far but highly ionizing
beta particle electrons more penetrating but less ionizing
gamma rad most penetrating but least ionizing, dict says most dangerous
uranium, plutonium, thorium, carbon 14, radioactive decay, half life
geiger counter, dosimeter, radioactive tracers in research
radioisotope dating
x-rays in research and medicine, CAT scans, MRI


nuclear fission chain reaction, nuclear reactor
radioactive effect on living organisms, nuclear medicine
radioactive waste disposal
fission bomb (A-bomb), fusion bomb (H-bomb), fallout


PHYSICS ~200wds
mechanics, gravity
law of universal gravitation f=Gmm/r2
law of inirtia body in motion or at rest remains (constant veloc) until acted
on by a force resisted by inirtia= mass
law of applied force change in vel and dir = acceleration in proportion to
mass times force f=ma
weight, magnitude, direction, vector, f=mg, mass kg, newtons
law of action and opposite reaction
(fuzzy on diff betwe action reaction pairs and equilibrium pairs)
compression, tension
equilibrium, stable unstable equilib
spring force elastic potential energy hookes law f=kd
friction force, tension
momentum


CALCS
significant figures, accuracy, precision, rounding
length meter, mass kilogram, time second, temp kelvin, charge coulomb
energy joule, force newton, pressure pascal, power watt
conversions, scientific notation, ruler, caliper, balance, spring balance
microscope, magnification, electron microscope, resolving power
v=u+at, s=ut+.5at2, v2-u2=2as, f=ma

periodic motion of spring, oscillation, circular motion
centripetal force=product of mass and squre vel div by radius
satellite orbits, escape velocity

WORK
work=force times distance in line of force
newtons meter=joule, energy
kinetic energy is one half product of mass and sqare of the veloc
potential energy, grav pot energy = mgh
power

law of conservation of energy, electrical energy, chemical energy
friction, heat, nuclear energy, light
transducers: battery, light bulb, loudspeaker, solar cell, microphone, motor
machines, lever, pulley, gear,

pressure, hydraulic lift, bouyant force, archimedes principle

STATES OF MATTER
temperature, solid, liquid, gas, specific heat, heat of state change

coefficient of expansion,
gas law pv=nRT, fahrenheit, celsius, joul, cal
mechanical energy to heat equivalent
conduction, convection, radiation

KINETIC THEORY OF MATTER
temp = avg kinetic energy of molecules in gas


WAVES=periodic disturbance against a force(=work) through a vacuum or a
medium which transmits energy.
sound, light, vibratio, water waves, longitudinal waves: sound
transverse waves: water waves, waves on a string, light
crest, wavelength, frequency
speed is product of wavelength times frequency
doppler effect, speed of sound, ultrasound, sonar, pitch, loudness
beats, harmonics, resonance

opaque, translucent, transparent
reflection, refraction, diffraction, interference, polarization
refraction, lenses, magnification, telescope, microscope

prism, spectrum
subtractive mixing things look green cause they absorb all other colors

ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM
gamma xray ultraviolet visible IR microwaves radio
red orange yellow green blue indigo violet
speed of light, inverse square law

radio transmitter, radio waves, receiver
transducer sound/light to electricity and back
digital signal, analog signal, communication satellits

photoelectric effect, electrons, energy is proportional to wavelength
intensity, quantization of energy, photons, wave particle duality


ELECTRICITY
magnetism, lodestone, compass, Earth'spoles, magnetic field
likes repell unlikes attract

STATIC ELECTRICITY
frictional static buildup, charge
law of electrostatics like charges repell, unlikes attract
force is product of the charges div by sqare of dist
coulomb, insulator, conductor
magnetic force due to electric dipole moments of atoms aligned in solid
electroscope, lightning

ELECTRIC CURRENT
current is charge per second, amps, electromagnet, electric buzzer very clever

electric potential volt, capacitor, direct current, amps, circuit, battery
ammeter, voltmeter, resistance ohms, resistor, superconductor
faradays law of induction of emf, generator, alternator, alternating current
transformer, elec eneryg joul kwatt hour, power watts, fuse, electromagnet
loudspeaker

atomic energy coal solar energy wind hydroelectric tidal geothermal

electronics, transister, light emitting diode, silicon integrated cuircuits


SCIENTISTS 29wds
250 bce Aristarchos of Samos how to find dist to moon by earths shadow
and tried to get distance to sun, at least showed it was bigger than
earth and guessed that earth revolved around it!
240 bce Eratosthenes diameter of Earth
200 bce Archimedes
150 bce Hipparchus of Nicaea calculated distance to moon
1600 Galileo Galilei
1615 William Harvey
1662 Robert Boyle
1665 Robert Hooke
1665 Isaac Newton
1750 Carl Linnaeus
1765 James Watt
1796 Edward Jenner
1800 Alessandro Volta
1803 John Dalton
1808 Humphrey Davy
1811 Amadeo Avogadro
1831 Michael Faraday
1827 Robert Brown
1850 Jean Louis Rodolph Agassiz
1859 Charles Darwin
1869 Dimitri Mendeleev
1875 Louis Pasteur
1876 AlexanderGraham Bell
1879 Thomas Alva Edison
1894 Pierre Curie curie pt.
1895 Gugliemo Marconi
1897 Joseph Thomson
1898 Mare Curie
1905 Albert Einstein
1919 Ernest Rutherford
1928 Alexander Fleming
1955 Isaac Asimov suggests C14 decay in DNA can cause mutations
1961 Francis Crick
1961 James Watson
1961 Rosalind Franklin
1979 Walter Alvarez end cretaceous iridium band